Language Speech Process :: essays research papers

It is amazing to look back at our history to see how mankind has developed and evolved. One of the remarkable moments in history was the cognitive achievement known as language. This ability to communicate with others would open the door to human expression and comprehension. Language is a topic that encompasses all of the cognitive processes. Although languages do share an important blueprint feature, the most fundamental design feature of language is productivity. Without language mankind as we know it would not exist. Because we have the power of language we are able to communicate with one another to develop and create. But what is even more amazing about language is its versatility to act as a form of communication we would otherwise be without. The ability to communicate is vital to all forms of species, be it humans or animals, some are able to better communicate then others. But no species has been able to surpass the accuracy and flexibility that distinguishes human communi cation, an ability due in great part to our ability to use language. All languages began as some form of speech, but slowly progressed into a written system as well. Language is defined as a set of symbols and rules for the combination of these symbols that allow for communication and comprehension among individuals. Language is unique in that everything that we refer to is symbolized in a word. But clearly language doesn’t simply consist of all the words we know put into one big group. For every word we use there is a rule that governs how it can be combined with another word. These rules, or grammar, are usually used to describe the arrangement of words in sentences, but it is actually a more specific term referring to the rules for combining any unit of language, word, sentence, or sound. But, language is much more then a group of sounds or markings on paper. The sounds and symbols that others make mean something. This part of language is called semanticity, which means that the symbols of language refer to important parts of our world. One big debate that has been fueled for years is whether or not animals (non-human species) are able to communicate. The answer, yes animals (non-human species) can communicate, but yet another question arises, can we consider this form of communication to be language? The answer is surprising; some species (i.

Old Buildings Essay

Many old buildings are protected by law because they are part of a nation’s history. However, some people think they should be knocked down to make way for new ones because people need houses and offices. How important is it to maintain old buildings? Should history stand in the way of progress? In the contemporary age, the contradiction between preserving history and progress becomes increasingly serious, which has disturbed and alarmed many people. In terms of the old buildings, many people assert that old buildings should be protected while others contend they should be knocked down for constructing the new ones. It is widely acknowledged that old buildings play the crucial role in our society. First of all, old buildings are the indispensable parts of the history, which could reveal the historical mysterious and witness the development of history. Meanwhile, many old buildings are the icons or landmarks of the nation. To illustrate, the Forbidden City symbolizes the Chinese time-honored history and becomes the important tourist spot. The existences of old buildings tend to maintain the distinct features of the cities as well as avoid those cosmopolitan cities are awash by the skyscrapers. More specifically, the old buildings reflect the national unique culture lasting hundred and thousand years. However, due to the widespread of demolishing the old buildings, the extinction of culture identity will ensue. Overall, in nowadays, there is unanimous consensus on maintaining old buildings which is the effective method to preserving history. There is no denying that the history gives us overall experience of the nation’s past. Comparing with history, we could draw a host of lessons, thereby avoiding mistakes for current progress. Nevertheless, people empower to pursue blindly the maximum profit for enhancing the level of our daily lives and progress of human society, from the long-term point of view, sacrificing the history to meet our current need would hinder the development. In my view, there is definite link between preserving history and progress but the fundamental contradiction. History is conductive to our progress and we should take it seriously forever.

Abraham Lincoln The Goals Of Douglass And Lincoln

The Goals of Douglass and Lincoln During the time of Reconstruction, which was from 1865-1877, president Abraham Lincoln and abolitionist Frederick Douglass had many goals that they wanted to achieve during the Reconstruction period. They shared a common goal of trying to abolish slavery, however, Douglass and Lincoln did have different goals as well that they believed were priorities. Douglass’s goal was to have equality and equal rights among the races and Lincoln’s main goal was to unify the Union after the destruction caused by the Civil War. The nation did achieve Douglass and Lincoln’s shared goal of abolishing slavery and Lincoln did manage to unify the Union after a lot of hard work but did not achieve Douglass’s dream for†¦show more content†¦It seemed as though black people were finally starting to be recognized as actual people. According to the article â€Å"Reconstruction† on the website ushistory.org it says, â€Å"Under fed eral bayonets,blacks, including those who had recently been freed, received the right to vote, hold political offices, and become judges and police chiefs.† African Americans were finally able to hold some type of power in political offices and could have jobs of importance, however, many Southerners were angered by black people having this new sense of freedom. From the same article it says, â€Å"Many Southern whites could not accept the idea that former slaves could not only vote but hold office. It was this era that the Ku Klux Klan was born.† Douglass’s dream of equality was starting to slip away with white supremacists discriminating against black people. To this day, there is still racism and discrimination among not only African Americans but all races and this goal of equality has yet to be reached and may not be achieved ever. Lincoln’s main goal for his presidency was to unify the Union after the Civil War had torn the North and the South apart. In Lincoln’s â€Å"Second Inaugural Address† he says, â€Å"While the inaugural address was being delivered from this place, devoted altogether to saving the Union without war...† (Lincoln 68). When Lincoln was elected for his first term, he wanted to unify the Union even before the war hadShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Frederick Douglass And Abraham Lincoln1161 Words   |  5 Pagestime to change history. Frederick Douglass and Abraham Lincoln are considered those forward thinkers. Douglass’s experiences as a black man and a slave gave him the knowledge of the ways Southerners, and even whites in the North, had mistreated his people. Lincoln was a man who, although he had touched upon the idea of anti-slavery, was more concerned with finding a way for his country to stop being divided by their violent warfare. Perhaps in Lincoln ’s list of goals he may have believed in the fallRead MoreThe Radical And The Republican996 Words   |  4 Pagesidols that conquest over struggle during a time of great crisis, solidified in a specialist historian’s expertise of various writings on abolitionism, Abraham Lincoln, and the Civil War era. While Oakes is vigilant to dodge the evident dangers of hero-worship, his compassion for both Lincoln and Douglass is evident throughout. Oakes received the Lincoln Prize for his work on this manuscript which was published in 2007. Oakes: an American historian, professor of history and graduate school humanitiesRead MoreAnalysis Of Fredrick Douglass s If There Is No Struggle 1395 Words   |  6 PagesGrant Todd Mr. Sotak English 9 23 May, 2016 Activism within Fredrick Douglass â€Å"If there is no struggle, there is no progression,† is what Fredrick Douglass said during his speech at Canandaigua, New York During an event celebrating West Indian Emancipation Day (blackpast.org). This is saying that struggles and hardships need to happen to get anything accomplished. A lot of people today view Fredrick Douglass as a civil rights activist because the things he has achieved and the way he has positivelyRead MoreThe Legacy Of Abraham Lincoln1217 Words   |  5 PagesAbraham Lincoln was born in the year 1809 on February 12th in the town of Hardin County, Kentucky to Thomas and Nancy Lincoln. Growing up Lincoln had no proper education, consequently he read books and educated himself. During Lincoln’s young adult years, he worked a various number of jobs as a shopkeeper, surveyor, and a postmaster. In 1832, Lincoln became a captain of the Hawk War against the Native Americans. Shortly after the war was over, he began his political career and was el ected to theRead MoreAfrican American Leaders Post- Reconstruction Essay1320 Words   |  6 Pages In 1854 Abraham Lincoln gave his Peoria, Kansas speech opposing slavery stating the Kansas Act had a declared indifference, but as I must think, a covert real zeal for the spread of slavery, I cannot but hate it. I hate it because of the monstrous injustice of slavery itself. I hate it because† it deprives our republican example of its just influence in the world†. Abraham Lincoln became the sixteenth President of the United States in 1861. Growing up in non-slave territories as a child and disapprovingRead MoreAfrican Slavery And Slavery Case Study1198 Words   |  5 Pagesman War. Abraham Lincoln wanted to preserve the Union the best way you could. most of the black volunteers that wanted to join in the Civil War were ejected. the reason why this happened was that ever Abraham Lincoln wanted to have white men to fight the war and the white man would be Victorious wit hout the black man. the band that prevented a black man from fighting in the war was overturned because Lincoln would do anything to preserve the Union.Then Frederick Douglass had to ask Abraham LincolnRead MoreThe Radical and the Republican Essay examples1771 Words   |  8 Pagesbetween during the Civil War. It shows the different views of the Republican Party of Abraham Lincoln and Frederick Douglass. These two had very different views at first, but then learned to adapt to each other and eventually became great friends. Frederick Douglass was born into slavery. He had a strong hatred toward slavery; not just because he was a slave, but because he thought it to be inhumane and cynical. Douglass knew from a young age that he was an abolitionist. He believed slavery was a diseaseRead MoreMightier Than The Sword By Harriet Beecher Stowe1353 Words   |  6 Pagessimply because of slavery, their main goal was to attempt to preserve the union and reunite the states. The south had threatened to secede from the union many times before so it became old news to the north until the secession actually took place. President Lincoln did everything in his power to attempt satisfaction for both the north and the south but at the end of the day he was unable to prevent the upcoming Civil War from taking place. Fredrick Douglass very likely one the most influential blackRead MoreThe Great Awakening Of The Antebellum Period1524 Words   |  7 Pagespro slavery arguments (Antebellum Period.). The antebellum period was overall a pivotal point in slavery and slave laws with laws like the fugitive slave act of 1851 and the Compromise of 1850 or rebellions like the Underground Railroad. Fredrick Douglass was also very influential in this time because he is a true example of a black abolitionist and his speech changed lives. Another important event in the Antebellum Period was the Abolitionist movement. Abolitionists wanted to abolish, or terminateRead MoreAbraham Lincoln, Slavery and the American Civil War Essay1716 Words   |  7 Pagesinvestigation will analyze how Abraham Lincolns view on slavery reflected during and after the American Civil War from 1861 to 1865. To analyze exactly how Lincolns position on slavery affected the war overall, this investigation looks at Lincolns moral and religious views as well as his social and political views. Two main sources were used, both dealing with events relevant to his political career and his roots in his career and other important issues including slavery. Lincoln by David Herbert Donald

The Top 14 Miracle on 34th Street Quotes

Do you remember the most memorable quotes from Miracle on 34th Street? If you grew up watching this  feel-good 1947 Christmas classic, as many people did, you no doubt have retained the basic plotline of the film. Or, you may be familiar with the 1994  theatrical remake. Edmund Gwenn stars as Kris Kringle—the benevolent Santa Claus. Christmas time, however, has become a commercial racket where shoppers try to get the best deals and stores outdo each other in attracting consumers. This movie spins that a bit and brings a whole lot of fun and entertainment. Over time, the most touching  lines in the film may have escaped your memory, unless youre a particularly die-hard fan. Relive the film, and your childhood, with these Miracle on 34th Street quotes. Faith, Commercialism, and Santa on 34th Street Kris Kringle: Oh, Christmas isnt just a day, its a frame of mind...and thats whats been changing. Thats why Im glad Im here, maybe I can do something about it. Fred Gailey: Look Doris, someday youre going to find that your way of facing this realistic world just doesnt work. And when you do, dont overlook those lovely intangibles. Youll discover those are the only things that are worthwhile. Susan Walker: I believe...I believe.... Its silly, but I believe. Susan Walker: If youre really Santa Claus, you can get it for me. And if you cant, youre only a nice man with a white beard, like mother says. Fred Gailey: All my life Ive wondered something, and nows my chance to find out. Im going to find the answer to a question thats puzzled the world for centuries. Does Santa Claus sleep with his whiskers outside or in? Kris Kringle: Now wait a minute, Susie. Just because every child cant get his wish that doesnt mean there isnt a Santa Claus. Susan Walker: You mean its like, If at first you dont succeed, try, try again. Kris Kringle: To market, to market, to buy a fat pig! Home again, home again, jiggety-jig. To market, to market, to buy a fat hog! Home again, home again, jiggety... Doris Walker: Faith is believing in things when common sense tells you not to. Doris Walker: Susan, I speak French, but that does not make me Joan of Arc. Doris Walker: And by filling them full of fairy tales they grow up considering life a fantasy instead of reality. Mr. Shellhammer: I just know that with that man on the throne my department will sell more toys than it ever has. I just feel it. Alfred: There is a lot of bad isms floating around this world and one of the worst is commercialism. Charles Halloran: All right, you go back and tell them that the New York State Supreme Court rules theres no Santa Claus. Its all over the papers. The kids read it and they dont hang up their stockings.

Teaching And Learning Style At The Abraham Friedman...

Introduction Throughout the program, my placement was set at the Abraham Friedman Occupational Center. The students were predominantly Spanish-speaking adults who immigrated from South America and Central America to downtown Los Angeles. The program was ESL Intermediate High B which integrated all language skills. Since October last year, I devoted seventy hours to observation and taught four lessons totaling five hours. Mr. Buckley, the guiding teacher, was an inspiring educator who created a variety of classroom activities that were developmentally appropriate for the adult learners. Analysis I benefited from the observation experience both as a language learner and a potential ESL teacher. When I started the practicum, I had little teaching experience. I never attended any English learning program in the United States. In particular, I enjoyed the its interactive teaching and learning style. I thought to myself that being interactive was all about being spontaneous and going with what s happening in the classroom. With this naive belief, I came up with the first lesson plan in just an hour. It turned out that the lesson was not effective. It was when I reviewed my first teaching video that I found how powerful the reflective cycle was. It helped me slow down thinking so that I can attend to what is rather than what I wished were so, and then to shift the weight of that thinking from my own teaching to students learning (Rodgers, 2002, p. 231). It lookedShow MoreRelatedThe Abraham Friedman Occupational Center889 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout the program, my placeme nt was set at the Abraham Friedman Occupational Center. The students were predominantly Spanish-speaking adults who lived in downtown Los Angeles. The program was ESL Intermediate High B that integrated language skills. Since October last year, I devoted seventy hours to observation and taught four lessons totaling five hours. The guiding teacher Mr. Buckley was an inspiring educator who created a variety of classroom activities. Analysis I benefited from the observationRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesThis online teaching and learning environment integrates the entire digital textbook with the most effective instructor and student resources With WileyPLUS: Students achieve concept mastery in a rich, structured environment that’s available 24/7 Instructors personalize and manage their course more effectively with assessment, assignments, grade tracking, and more manage time better study smarter save money From multiple study paths, to self-assessment, to a wealth of interactive visualRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesEffective Leaders 396 Selecting Leaders 396 †¢ Training Leaders 396 CONTENTS xv Summary and Implications for Managers 397 S A S A L L Self-Assessment Library What’s My Leadership Style? 368 Self-Assessment Library What’s My LPC Score? 373 glOBalization! Cross-Cultural Leadership Styles 378 Self-Assessment Library How Charismatic Am I? 382 Self-Assessment Library Am I an Ethical Leader? 386 An Ethical Choice Do Leaders Have a Responsibility to Protect Followers? 388 Myth or ScienceRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesCongress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Whetten, David A. (David Allred) Developing management skills /David A. Whetten, Kim S. Cameron.—8th ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-13-612100-8 1. Management—-Study and teaching. 2. Management—Problems, exercises, etc. Kim S. II. Title. HD30.4.W46 2011 658.40071 173—dc22 I. Cameron, 2009040522 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 ISBN 10: 0-13-612100-4 ISBN 13: 978-0-13-612100-8 B R I E F TA B L E O F C O N T E N T S PrefaceRead MoreHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 Pagesyears later about one-fourth of all managers and executives are women. Similar attention also was focused on other diverse groups of employees. So that all employees were given opportunities to grow and learn, the Bank of Montreal’s Institute of Learning was established at a cost exceeding $50 million. The goal of providing five days of training and education to every employee each year has been met for several years. To focus on performance, each department and every employee have HR managersRead MoreInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 Pagesby any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., including, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning. Some ancillaries, including electronic and print components, may not be available to customers outside the United States. This book is printed on recycled, acid-free paper containing 10% postconsumer waste. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 QDB/QDB 1 0 9 8 7Read MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesFireweed: A Political Autobiography Allida M. Black, ed., Modern American Queer History Eric Sandweiss, St. Louis: The Evolution of an American Urban Landscape Sam Wineburg, Historical Thinking and Other Unnatural Acts: Charting the Future of Teaching the Past Sharon Hartman Strom, Political Woman: Florence Luscomb and the Legacy of Radical Reform Michael Adas, ed., Agricultural and Pastoral Societies in Ancient and Classical History Jack Metzgar, Striking Steel: Solidarity Remembered Janis

Assess the Short Term Significance of the Suez War of 1956 Free Essays

string(38) " Arab Nationalism in the Middle East\." Assess the short term significance of the Suez War of 1956 The Suez War had profound short term significance in many aspects. It can be argued to be one of the first wars in the Arab-Israeli conflict which involved substantial foreign involvement. Although Britain and France were humiliated and lost their influence in the Middle East, it highlighted the rising importance of Cold War politics in the Middle East. We will write a custom essay sample on Assess the Short Term Significance of the Suez War of 1956 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Egypt and Israel can be considered as winners of the Suez War; Egypt gained complete control of the Suez Canal and Israel had access to the Straits of Tiran. However, both countries were to remain hostile and the legacy of the Suez War will be conflict, not peace. First of all, the Suez War in 1956 played a significant role in Nasser’s Egypt. There were many gains for Egypt from the Suez War. American Historian, William Polk states ‘in western eyes, the Suez War made Nasser a hero’ and ‘claimed a political victory within a military defeat’, this comment clearly infers to the unsuccessful attempt of Britain and France to ‘destroy’ Nasser which made him became a symbol of anti-colonial movement. This statement is reinforced by the words of Nasser, where he wrote that the Suez War ‘regained the wealth of the Egyptian people’ and ‘it was clear for the Egyptian people that they could defend their country and secure its independence’, while this comment is partly accurate, as Egypt did manage to gain complete control of the Suez Canal and obtained a large quantity of British military stores, the source here is clearly biased because Nasser had deliberately failed to describe Egypt’s casualties from the war. He had done this to promote his position as not only the Egyptian leader, but a leader which all the Arab nations looked up to. Despite their success, Egypt had suffered the highest casualty with total death up to 1600, while Israel, Britain and France’s death were well below a hundred. Additionally, Egypt had failed to control the Gaza Strip and Photograph A shows despite control of the Suez Canal, Egypt was unable to use the canal efficiently to fund the country; for instance, by collecting toll fees. The Suez War critically damaged Egypt’s relations with America. In response to America’s cancellation of a promised grant of 46 million dollars towards building the Aswan dam, American aid was replaced by Russian aid. However, one should always be mindful that Nasser did not want Egypt to be tied to the Soviet Union as he wanted Egypt to be neutral. Conversely, in American eyes, Egypt became part of the Cold War; as any country which was not part of Western alliance and which bought arms from Eastern Europe was just as bad as the USSR. The Suez War 1956 was of great significance for Israel. We can reinforce Avi Shlaim’s interpretation on the Sinai campaign to help discuss the impact on Israel. Despite an Israeli, Avi Shlaim gives a neutral point on the impacts to Israel. The origin of the Sinai campaign was initially planned by Ben Gurion and its leaders such as Moshe Dayan. It’s 3 ‘Operational Objectives’ were to defeat the Egyptian Army, to open up Straits of Tiran to Israeli shipping and to put an end to Fedayeen attacks across Israel’s southern border. Moshe Dayan, in his memoirs, the Story of My Life, was confident that the three main objectives were achieved by the end of the Suez War. The Israeli army won a clear military victory which proved the Israeli Defense Forces the strongest in the Middle East; this was further reinforced by Moshe Dayan as ‘Nasser learned the respect the power of Israel’s army. Although Shlaim’s view that damage to Egypt was ‘slight and quickly repaired’ due to timely withdrawal from Sinai, Historian Normal Lowe argues that the inflicted heavy losses on Egypt in men and equipment would take ‘years to make good’. Furthermore, Israel managed to gain access to the Straits of Tiran, allowing them to trade with Asia and Africa. The end to Fedayeen attacks proved immense success, the Sinai Peninsula became effectively demilitarized guarded by UN troops which would allow Israel to enjoy eleven years of security and stability along the border with Egypt. As well as the Three ‘Operational Objectives’ from the Sinai Campaign, it consisted of three political aims; to overthrow Nasser, expand Israeli borders and establishment of a new political order in the Middle East. Unlike the successes from their operational objectives, they failed to achieve the political aims. In the first political aim, Israel paid a heavy political price for ganging up with Britain and France against the emergent forces of Arab nationalism. In the second political aim involving Israel’s borders, Israel was forced to disgorge all the territory it had conquered. The third aim however, written by Shlaim tends to contradict Moshe Dayan’s view that the ‘victory in Sinai meant that Israel emerged as a state that would be welcomed as a friend and ally. ’ While this may not be directed at Arab nations, it may have been implied in terms of relations with foreign powers. Although Ben Gurion failed to topple Nasser and achieve his political aims, the Suez War had allowed Gurion to force Sharett’s resignation which initially gave him the option of launching a war against Egypt. Moreover, Shlaim contends that Israel and Ben Gurion learned two important lessons from its experience in the Suez War. Firstly, Israel must rely on nuclear deterrence to protect its borders rather than expanding it. Secondly, Israel was to depend on the US in future decision making and must deal and directly consult with the US before engaging in future wars; this is evident in the Suez War, where Israel was pressured by US withholding aid and expulsion from the United Nations to withdraw from Sinai. The impact of Suez War led to a high tide of Arab Nationalism in the Middle East. You read "Assess the Short Term Significance of the Suez War of 1956" in category "Papers" When Nasser regained control of the Suez Canal he destroyed the statue of De Le Sepp’s; a clear message of Egypt’s contempt for western imperialism. Arabs reduced oil supplies to Western Europe showing they have become more anti-western. Syria and Saudi Arabia also broke off relations with Britain and France. In 1957, a ‘Treaty of Arab Solidarity’ was signed by Egypt, Syria, Jordan and Saudi Arabia. Despite the mistrust remaining between the Arab states, this treaty highlighted the Arab nations all had a united aim to overthrow Israel and support the Palestinians. This is supported by Ian J. Bickerton and Carla L. Klausner as they discuss how Suez war ‘only deepened the Arab desire for revenge’. Furthermore, William Cobban argues that the legacy of the Suez Crisis will be ‘war not peace’, and that Nasser would rally the Arab nations to a full scale war against the Israelis. This view of Arab Nation’s continual avenging attitude towards Israel is reinforced by Andrew Goldsmith, as he argues that the result of the Suez War resembled a ‘hiccup rather than a true turning point in the history of Egypt and Israel’s internal politics’. It was one of many conflicts in which Arab countries and Israel have failed to solve any existing tensions. Another short term significance of the Suez War was that it greatly damaged leading European colonial powers particularly Britain. Keith Kyle argues that Suez confirmed to the world that Britain was ‘no longer a superpower’, as Britain’s failure to overthrow Nasser and secure the Suez Canal had cost them world degradation. With a clear indication of Britain’s end of imperialism, it led to a further decline of British and French influence around the world such as in Africa and South-East Asia. The Suez War encouraged rebels in Algeria, where the Algerians gained their independence from France in 1962. Britain’s failure had cost them to lose foreign allies; the Israelis now looking towards the USA as their main supporter. Britain’s decreasing influence in the Middle East is further supported by Normal Lowe, where Britain’s ally in Iraq, premier Nuri-es Said came under increasing attack from other Arabs for his pro-British attitude. Britain’s damage from the Suez War then led to financial trouble where its international reserve was seriously depleted. Because of the blockage of canal and the disruption of pipeline caused by the Suez War, gas rationing was introduced in Britain. This meant Britain had no choice but to become more obedient and less reluctant to oppose any US policy for its financial support . While Mordechai Bar-On, the Bureau Chief- General of Moshe Dayan states in hindsight that from the view of Britain and France, the Suez war was a major mistake. From Israel’s point of view, it was ‘perhaps lucky’ that they made the mistake, because it was to this mistake, Israel ‘became more ready for the next round in 1967. ’ France on the other hand went its own way, opposed to Britain’s decision to side with the US. Led by de Gaulle, it left NATO and turned to leading Europe alongside a newly prosperous Germany. The Suez War had a profound impact on the Cold War. President Eisenhower explained that as a result of Suez, ‘The Middle East, which had always been coveted by Russia, today be prized more than ever by international communism’, this outcome was perhaps made by President Eisenhower himself as Timothy Naftali, author of Khrushchev’s Cold War explains that Nikita Khrushchev was able to get away with â€Å"nuclear bluff†, showing weakness of the US that the Soviet Union exploited. As Egypt turns towards the Soviet Union for aid, Eisenhower was to become even more determined in containing communism. He set up the Eisenhower Doctrine which offers economic aid and military protection to Arab states that agree to reject communism. He even stated, ‘Since we are about to get thrown out of the [Middle East], we might as well believe in Arab nationalism’, showing Eisenhower’s awareness that the Middle East was to become the ‘arena’ of the Cold War. However, his comment cannot be fully relied on as it was perhaps an excuse for America to enter the Middle East with dual objectives, as in Canada’s point of view, supported by William Cobban, Eisenhower‘s beginning to commit US troops to the Middle East – ‘what he said he would never do’ – was to replace Britain with its ‘own brand of imperialism’. In conclusion, despite major losses inflicted on Egypt, Nasser was able to turn the defeat into a political victory in which Nasserism influence, where a blend of Pan-Arabism, positive neutralism and Arab socialism was to extent throughout the Arab nations. The results of the war have also proved Israel’s strength and determination in securing its position in the Middle East. Britain and France was to be humiliated and the Suez War accelerated decolonization and had caused them to lose influence in the Middle East. Relations between the USSR and USA have evidently resulted in a freeze rather than a thaw. However, the Suez War was just one of many events that had failed to resolve peace between Israel and Egypt. Andrew Goldsmith argues that the ‘internal politics of the Middle East were affected much less significantly than its external politics by the events of 1956. , Israel’s gain from the opening of Straits of Tiran and its peaceful border with Egypt were all reversed in 1967. Nasser still refused to recognize Israel. The contradiction is made by Moshe Dayan where he confirms that the result of Suez War stated ‘Reactionary and aggressive’ nature of Israel, and because it made Nasser the definite leade r of the Arab World. Word count -1986 Appendix Photograph A obtained from http://www. theegyptianchronicles. com/Article/1956Jubilation. html Bibliography Secondary 1. Michael Scott-Baumann , Crisis in the Middle East: Israel and the Arab States 1945-2007, 2009 2. Normal Lowe, Mastering Modern World History,2005 3. Avi Shlaim, The Iron Wall Israel and the Arab World 4. Kirsten E. Shulze, The Arab-Israeli Conflict,1999 5. Andrew Goldsmith, http://www. hillel. upenn. edu/kedma/05/goldsmith. pdf 6. Paul Reynolds, http://news. bbc. co. uk/2/hi/middle_east/5199392. stm, 7. http://israelipalestinian. procon. org/view. answers. php? questionID=000472 Contemporary 1. Michael Scott-Baumann, Conflict In the Middle East : Israel and the Arabs, 2007 2. http://millercenter. org/president/speeches/detail/3360 3. http://www. spartacus. schoolnet. co. uk/COLDsuez. tm 4. http://www. historylearningsite. co. uk/suez_crisis_1956. htm 5. William Cobban, Mission Suez. The Canadian Experience 6. National Geographic : Suez Crisis 7. The Egyptian Chronicles 1956, Photograph in Appendix http://www. theegyptianchronicles. com/Article/1956Jubilation. html , 8. Council on Foreign relations, http://www. cfr. org/content/meetings/hungary_suez-summary. pdf ——à ¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€œ [ 1 ]. Conflict in the Middle East: Israel and the Arabs page 23. By Michael Scott-Baumann [ 2 ]. http://www. theegyptianchronicles. com/Article/1956Jubilation. html [ 3 ]. The Iron Wall Israel and the Arab World – page 143-185 by Avi Shlaim [ 4 ]. Mission Suez. The Canadian Experience by William Cobban [ 5 ]. http://israelipalestinian. procon. org/view. answers. php? questionID=000472 [ 6 ]. http://www. hillel. upenn. edu/kedma/05/goldsmith. pdf [ 7 ]. Modern World History page 238-289 [ 8 ]. National Geographic : Suez Crisis [ 9 ]. http://news. bbc. co. uk/2/hi/middle_east/5199392. stm- Paul Reynolds [ 10 ]. http://millercenter. org/president/speeches/detail/3360 [ 11 ]. http://www. cfr. org/content/meetings/hungary_suez-summary. pdf [ 12 ]. Mission Suez. The Canadian Experience by William Cobban How to cite Assess the Short Term Significance of the Suez War of 1956, Essays

Luckys Monologue in Waiting for Godot Essay Example For Students

Luckys Monologue in Waiting for Godot Essay Quinci Cohen 30th April 30, 2010 HL English E A Commentary on Lucky’s Monologue in Waiting for Godot In Samuel Beckett’s Waiting for Godot perhaps no character is as enigmatic and perplexing as that of Lucky. His role in the narrative of the drama as he is introduced is by and large passe until he is asked to â€Å"think† by Vladimir. The ensuing logorrhea when Lucky dons his hat has spawned innumerable interpretations and attempts to decipher the crux of it. Most agree that Lucky’s speech is not simply meaningless prolixity and can be split into 3 distinct sections or beats (of which the first 2 are examined here). Upon closer inspection of these sections, one can derive Lucky’s message. Throughout the course of his speech Lucky makes a startling commentary on the nature of God, the cessation of man, and makes use of several crude and obscure puns; further emphasizing the degeneration of our species. As the speech begins, its focus is immediately clear. â€Å"Given the existence†¦ of a personal God†¦ with white beard†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He paints a portrait of an archetypal Christian God, one who is wise, magnanimous, and â€Å"personal. He goes on to polarize that image with an ecclesiastical construct that is largely opposite and is characterized as being â€Å"outside time without extension†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Even if there is a God he is unable to affect us and even if he can his care and love is subject to â€Å"some exceptions† These exceptions become sufferers who are â€Å"plunged in torment fire†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This fire is supposedly so strong that it will â€Å"blast hell to heaven†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The implications of these lines further the conflicting effects of a God. Those who are exceptions from his care experience life on earth as hell and this sensation is so strong that it eventually overrides any mote of hope or belief in a paradise beyond their earthly sufferings. Lucky’s cynical feelings are innately clear. God is an absent projection entrenched in paradox and if not then he is defined by â€Å"divine apathia† or apathy, a lack of interest, â€Å"divine aphasia† the inability to understand or express speech, and â€Å"divine athambia† the meaning of which is subject to debate but can be understood, according to the Oxford English Dictionary as â€Å"imperturbability†. He is unfeeling, unseeing, and inattentive. Similarly, Lucky’s thoughts and opinions are no less cynical or judgmental when considering the human race. Although fragmented by parodies of professors and philosophers the meat of this beat of the speech can be glimpsed in the spaces in between. â€Å"and considering†¦ that†¦ it is established beyond all doubt†¦ that man in Essy†¦ wastes and pines†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Lucky establishes that man is on the decline. His use of the phrase â€Å"wastes and pines† suggests not only a physical atrophy but a mental one as well. This notion is reinforced by specific examples, â€Å"in spite of†¦ the practice of sports†¦ penicilline and succedanea†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Despite our best efforts at advancing ourselves physically and mentally we are â€Å"concurrently simultaneously†¦ fad away† Lucky rounds off the beat by making reference to the fact that this â€Å"dead loss† of ourselves is a process that begun with â€Å"the death of Bishop Berkeley†, a reference to Irish philosopher George Berkeley who pioneered the ideology that the reality is ultimately comprised of nothing more than our cognitive perceptions of it. What Lucky implies with this reference is that since the death of Berkeley, we have become ensconced in the idea of some objective law imposed upon us by God and that this is the cause of our degeneration. However, contrary to somber message of the passage Lucky’s tirade is not without the signature jest and humor we expect from the theatre of the absurd. In fact, the use of puns is liberal; nearly every mention he makes of supposed scholars is a veiled witticism. .ucd6f9461918ea33b545f911fabaafba4 , .ucd6f9461918ea33b545f911fabaafba4 .postImageUrl , .ucd6f9461918ea33b545f911fabaafba4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ucd6f9461918ea33b545f911fabaafba4 , .ucd6f9461918ea33b545f911fabaafba4:hover , .ucd6f9461918ea33b545f911fabaafba4:visited , .ucd6f9461918ea33b545f911fabaafba4:active { border:0!important; } .ucd6f9461918ea33b545f911fabaafba4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ucd6f9461918ea33b545f911fabaafba4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ucd6f9461918ea33b545f911fabaafba4:active , .ucd6f9461918ea33b545f911fabaafba4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ucd6f9461918ea33b545f911fabaafba4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ucd6f9461918ea33b545f911fabaafba4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ucd6f9461918ea33b545f911fabaafba4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ucd6f9461918ea33b545f911fabaafba4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucd6f9461918ea33b545f911fabaafba4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ucd6f9461918ea33b545f911fabaafba4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ucd6f9461918ea33b545f911fabaafba4 .ucd6f9461918ea33b545f911fabaafba4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ucd6f9461918ea33b545f911fabaafba4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Parable of the Sadhu EssayThe â€Å"Puncher and Wattman† mentioned bears a slight resemblance to the actual scholars, the Scottish inventor James Watt and the French mathematician Louis Poinsot but in fact is more commonly seen as a humorous Anglicization of the French words wattman (a tram driver) and poincon (a ticket punch or conductor). Another instance of wordplay takes the form of the names â€Å"Testew and Cunard† which is open to a number of interpretations. One is that they are derived from the French names, Testu et Conard. Another is that they may be seen as a reference to the French tetu et conard which is slang for â€Å"mulish and tupid. † A far more humorous interpretation is that the names echo the French slang words for testicle (testicule) and vagina (con). Finally, Lucky makes a slightly more esoteric pun in mentioning the names â€Å"Steinweg and Peterman†. In the case of an English audience the second of the two names may seem humorous do to it’s association with the label, cracksman. To a French audience it may seem humorous due to the fact the French word for flatulence (peter) is strikingly similar to the first half of the name, effectively re-appropriating the scholar as a human representation of a passing of wind. The obscure part of the pun comes in the fact that both names reference ‘stone’ since stein is German for stone and Peter is derived from the Greek petros, meaning stone. This serves as an indicator of the last beat given that ‘stone’ is mentioned a further seven times in the speech. The ultimate function of all these double entendres is to further emphasize the degradation of man; even in these incredibly austere and profound moments Lucky himself is bathetic. In closing, it is easy to appreciate Lucky’s lecture for what it truly is, a classically absurd and Beckettian soliloquy. Rife with existentialism and forceful commentary, Lucky delivers his message in a swathe of deterring loquacity. Beckett makes use of interpolative bathos and witticism to remind readers and audiences alike of our supposed cessation and the irrationality of our religious projections. Some may dismiss Lucky’s speech as meaningless drivel but, as is evident, they couldn’t be farther than the truth. While the monologue is not necessarily the nub of Waiting for Godot’s message, there is no disputing that it is the most enthralling and the most memorable.